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Open RAN in Half a Day
CONTENTS
This course explains and discusses the reasons for Open RAN and outlines the technical architecture and principles for O-RAN. It focuses on establishing important technical concepts and terms, and on putting Open RAN into context by relating it to use cases and current technology trends.
This condensed Open RAN course is the perfect way to kick-start your path on the Open RAN journey, regardless of your end goal. Perhaps you are aiming for an expert level of knowledge, and this is your first stepping stone, or you just want to keep up with the buzz and learn what is going on at the current forefront of the mobile evolution.
Open RAN in Half a Day provides enough foundation to be able to navigate the technical terms used to discuss the Open RAN concept. It allows you to understand the technical architecture and principles of O-RAN as specified by the O-RAN Alliance.
PREREQUISITES
Basic system-level knowledge of LTE/4G and 5G recommended but not required.
Note: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
What is Open RAN and Why?
Traditional “non-open” RANs
What is the meaning of an “Open” RAN?
Which are the technical and business drivers for Open RAN?
Who is the O-RAN Alliance and how does it relate to 3GPP?
O-RAN Architecture and Principles
O-RAN Overall Logical Architecture
Some useful definitions: O-CU, O-DU and O-RU
Non-real time and Near-real time control loops
The Management Layer
What needs to be managed in a RAN?
5G QoS framework: PDU Sessions and QoS Flows
Service Management and Orchestration (SMO)
Non-RT RIC (RAN Intelligent Controller) and rApps
Near-RT RIC, xApps and Policies
AI and ML basics
The A1 and O1 interfaces
The gNB and its Interfaces
Higher vs Lower Layer split of the gNB
3GPP interfaces: F1-C, F1-U and E1
O-RAN interfaces: Open FH, E2, O1
The O-Cloud
Cloud and Virtualization basics
RAN Network Functions in Regional Clouds and Edge Clouds
The O2 interface
Open RAN challenges
€195
E-Learning
max 1
Open RAN in an Hour
CONTENTS
This course provides a quick overview of the general reasons for Open RAN and outlines the technical architecture and principles for O-RAN. It establishes important technical concepts and terms, and puts Open RAN into context by relating it to use cases and current technological trends.
This condensed Open RAN course is the perfect way to kick-start your path on the Open RAN journey, regardless of your end goal. Perhaps you are aiming for expert level of knowledge, and this is your first stepping stone, or you just want to keep up with the buzz and learn what is going on at the current forefront of the mobile evolution.
Open RAN in an Hour provides enough foundation to be able to navigate the technical terms commonly used to discuss the Open RAN concept. It gives you the framework necessary to formulate relevant questions and understand how the major puzzle pieces of Open RAN fit together.
PREREQUISITES
General technical knowledge of computing as well as experience from Tele and/or Data communication is beneficial but not necessary.
NOTE: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
What is Open RAN and why?
What is the meaning of an “Open” RAN?
Which are the technical and business drivers for Open RAN?
Who is the O-RAN Alliance and how does it relate to 3GPP?
O-RAN Architecture and Principles
The Management Layer
What needs to be managed in a RAN
Service Management and Orchestration (SMO)
Non-RT RIC (RAN Intelligent Controller) and rApps
Near-RT RIC and xApps
The A1 interface
The gNB and its Interfaces
Lower Layer split of the gNB
3GPP interfaces: F1-C, F1-U and E1
O-RAN interfaces: Open FH, E2, O1
The O-Cloud
Cloud and Virtualization basics
RAN Network Functions in Regional Clouds and Edge Clouds
The O2 interface
€95
E-Learning
max 1
Voice in 5G
CONTENTS
This course presents the handling of multimedia telephony service in 5G (Standalone deployment) and related interworking procedures with 4G, as specified in the 3GPP standards.
The course focuses on the voice/multimedia telephony service under IMS control for networks with 5G deployed. It presents the UE and network features and definitions that guarantee establishment, handling, and service continuity for the telephony service within the 5G ecosystem. Significant parts of the course focus on the interworking between 4G and 5G on the core network and radio network level to support device mobility and service continuity in a multi-access environment.
PREREQUISITES
Technical knowledge of the voice service handling in mobile telecom networks is crucial.
Understanding the technical solutions for the handling of the voice service in 5G requires a good grasp of voice handling in 4G (VoLTE, with IMS control) and the general 5G network architecture. Attending Apis “VoLTE – Voice over LTE”, “IMS Architecture” and “IMS for VoLTE in Half a Day” courses, or having the equivalent knowledge, will allow the participants to benefit fully from the course.
Network Architecture
Brief overview of the 4G and 5G System architecture and basic mobility and data connection establishment procedures.
Overview of deployment options for 4G and 5G core networks.
Overview of deployment options for connecting 4G/5G radio to 4G/5G core networks.
Brief overview of the IMS functionalities.
Deployment options for HSS/UDM/UDR.
Protocol used for communication on various interfaces within 4G/5G core networks, towards RAN, and to/inside IMS network elements.
Overview of idle and connected mode mobility procedures for UEs moving between 2G/3G/4G/5G radio and core network.
Overview of various possibilities to handle IMS signaling and media between 4G/5G RAN and core network.
IMS Voice over PS: 4G vs 5G
IMS usage of PDN Connections and EPS Bearers in 4G.
IMS usage of PDU Sessions and QoS Flows in 5G.
Selected details of IMS procedures and IMS related procedures in 5G.
Subscription data synchronization for IMS.
Requesting the multimedia service: setting up telephony-specific behavior and resources at 5G Registration, PDU Session Establishment, IMS Registration and IMS Session Setup.
Protocol stack for IMS media transport over NR, E-UTRA, and in Dual Connectivity scenarios.
Signaling and media flow for various roaming scenarios.
Single or dual IMS registration for UE.
SMS transport options over 4G, 5G, and IMS over 4G or 5G.
5GS Support for Telephony
UE Capabilities related to IMS voice support and IMS related network procedures.
Handling of UE related capabilities and IMS related subscription parameters between 5G core network functions.
IMS PDU Session attributes.
PS Data Off service exemptions for IMS service handling.
ANDSP and URSP for IMS services.
P-CSCF discovery procedure.
IMS Support for telephony
HTTP-based communication for IMS service handling; mapping of Diameter messages to HTTP service requests and responses.
Selected UE and network features to be supported according to GSM Association “IMS Profile for Voice, Video and Messaging over 5GS”.
UE inputs for Originating Access Domain Selection for MO IMS calls.
Media codecs for IMS over 5G and media transport.
Role of Telephony Application Server.
Selected SIP message parameters for multimedia telephony.
Interworking: Core Network
UE idle mode mobility procedures between 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G.
UE connected mode mobility procedures between 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G.
Handling of UE network capabilities in EPC and 5GC.
Selected details of UE Policy Delivery Service signaling between UE and PCF.
Handling of data connections in idle/connected mode mobility procedures.
PDN Connection/PDU Session establishment aspects: CN domain selection, redirection, etc.
Single and dual registration mode UEs.
Mapping and handling of EPS-GUTI and 5G-GUTI.
Interactions between HSS and UDM in interworking scenarios.
Interworking with and without N26 interfaces between 4G and 5G core networks.
RAT Fallback and EPS Fallback for IMS sessions.
Signaling details of selected interworking procedures.
Interworking and session related parameters exchanged between HSS/UDM and MME/AMF/SMF.
Interworking: Access Network
5G Access Network options: NR, E-UTRA, Wi-Fi.
Handling of UE radio capabilities related to IMS and 4G/5G interworking, including UCMF role.
Overview of RAN-based Dual Connectivity procedures.
CN-based and RAN-based User Plane splitting options.
Interworking with Wi-Fi access: session transfers, Multi-Access PDU Sessions.
RAN procedures for Dual Connectivity handling: Secondary Node handling, handover procedures.
Brief introduction to radio relays: donor eNBs in E-UTRAN and IAB nodes in NG-RAN.
Radio connection suspension: overview and comparison of 4G and 5G details.
Unified Access Control in 5G and IMS related options for UAC.
SRVCC between 5G NR and 3G UTRA.
€495
E-Learning
max 1
Voice in 5G in an Hour
CONTENTS
This course is a brief technical presentation of the handling of multimedia telephony service in 5G (with standalone deployment) and related interworking procedures with 4G, as specified in the 3GPP standards.
The course focuses on the voice/multimedia telephony service under IMS control for networks with 5G deployed. It presents the architecture for IMS-based call handling in 5G networks, the interworking between 4G and 5G on the core network and radio network level to support device mobility and service continuity in a multi-access environment and selected requirements as specified by GSM Association.
PREREQUISITES
Technical knowledge of the voice service handling in 4G mobile telecom networks is crucial.
Understanding the technical solutions for the handling of the voice service in 5G requires a good grasp of voice handling in 4G (VoLTE, with IMS control) and the general 5G network architecture. Attending Apis “IMS for VoLTE in Half a Day” course, or having the equivalent knowledge, will allow the participants to benefit fully from the course.
NOTE: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
Network Architecture
Overview of voice service handling in pre-5G networks: CS domain, IMS with 4G
High-level network architecture for 4G and 5G interconnection
Overview of 4G system architecture and 5G system architecture
High-level architecture for 5GC – EPC interworking
HSS and UDM interworking procedures
4G/5G deployment options with single-/multi-RAT Dual Connectivity
UE connections to Packet Data Networks
IMS Voice in 5G
Introduction to IMS architecture and functionalities of IMS network elements
Overview of IMS registration session invitation procedures
5G System support for IMS: support indications, PDU session attributes and 5QI values
URSP and ANDSP
Selected requirements from GSMA NG.114 IMS profile for 5GS
Obtaining the P-CSCF address by the UE with 5GC registration and discovery of P-CSCF
5G impact on IMS interfaces
Interworking
Overview of idle mode mobility procedures between 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G
UE operation mode and N26 interface
Procedures for interworking with N26 interface
RAT Fallback procedure for IMS voice
EPS Fallback procedure for IMS Voice
Overview of connected mode mobility procedures between 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G
Overview of PS-to-CS SRVCC from 5G NR to 3G UTRA FDD
€95
E-Learning
max 1
Cloud, NFV and SDN
CONTENTS
The course is designed to let the student acquire knowledge on architecture, hardware, software, services and development of Cloud Computing technologies. The course analyzes hypervisor virtualization and container technology, and explains the difference between the cloud execution environment and cloud management. Telco cloud is discussed in the context of the ETSI NFV standard. The course also covers Software-Defined Networking and describes how NFV and SDN intersects and work together.
PREREQUISITES
Working knowledge of computer and telecommunications systems.
NOTE: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
Introduction
What is the cloud?
Essential cloud characteristics
as-a-Service models
Examples of Cloud Services
Aspects of Cloud Services
Private/Public/Hybrid/Multi-Cloud
Virtualization
Virtualization and Cloud
Virtualization benefits
Distribution of Resources
Single/Multi-tenancy
Live Migration
Hypervisor Solutions
Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors
Desktop vs Server Virtualization
Hardware Assist
Containers
Linux Containers (LXC)
Docker
Kubernetes/Redshift
The Cloud Native approach
Acceleration Technologies
SR-IOV
DPDK
Acceleration in VMs and Containers
OpenStack
Introduction and background
Components/Projects
Main Openstack Architecture
Compute/Storage/Networking with Openstack
OpenStack in Practice
Bare metal deployment
VMWare + OpenStack
Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
The Telco Cloud
ETSI NFV Standards
NFV main architecture
Official NFV Use cases
NFV Concerns
Proofs of Concept
Open Source NFV
VMware and Openstack in NFV
Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Why SDN?
SDN in Data Centers
Three variations on SDN
OpenFlow-Based
Control Plane Extensions
Overlay Abstraction
Network Operating Systems
OpenDayLight
OpenFlow
VxLAN
Example SDN service providers
The Bigger SDN Picture
€495
E-Learning
max 1
Cloud, NFV and SDN in an Hour
CONTENTS
The course is designed to let the student acquire overview knowledge on architecture, hardware, software, services and development of Cloud Computing technologies. The course walks you through hypervisor virtualization as well as container technology, and explains the difference between the cloud execution environment and cloud management. Telco cloud is discussed in the context of the ETSI NFV standard. The course also covers Software-Defined Networking and describes how NFV and SDN intersects and work together. It is a shorter version of the two-day course “Cloud, NFV and SDN”.
PREREQUISITES
Working knowledge of computer and telecommunications systems.
NOTE: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
Cloud Introduction
What is the cloud?
Essential cloud characteristics
as-a-Service models
Private/Public/Hybrid/Multi-Cloud
Virtualization
Virtualization and Cloud
Virtualization benefits
Distribution of Resources
Containers
Linux Containers (LXC)
Docker
The Cloud Native approach
OpenStack
Introduction and background
Components/Projects
Main Openstack Architecture
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
The Telco Cloud
NFV main architecture
Official NFV Use cases
Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Why SDN?
SDN Devices
SDN and NFV
€95
E-Learning
max 1
Cloud, NFV and SDN in Half a Day
CONTENTS
The course is designed to let the student acquire basic knowledge on architecture, hardware, software, services and development of Cloud Computing technologies. The course walks you through hypervisor virtualization as well as container technology, and explains the difference between the cloud execution environment and cloud management. Telco cloud is discussed in the context of the ETSI NFV standard. The course also covers Software-Defined Networking and describes how NFV and SDN intersects and work together. It is a shorter version of the two-day course “Cloud, NFV and SDN”.
PREREQUISITES
Working knowledge of computer and telecommunications systems.
NOTE: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
Cloud Introduction
What is the cloud?
Essential cloud characteristics
as-a-Service models
Examples of Cloud Services
Private/Public/Hybrid/Multi-Cloud
Virtualization
Virtualization and Cloud
Virtualization benefits
Distribution of Resources
Containers
Linux Containers (LXC)
Docker
The Cloud Native approach
OpenStack
Introduction and background
Components/Projects
Main Openstack Architecture
OpenStack in Practice
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
The Telco Cloud
ETSI NFV Standards
NFV main architecture
Official NFV Use cases
Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Why SDN?
Three variations on SDN
OpenFlow-Based
Control Plane Extensions
Overlay Abstraction
Network Operating Systems
OpenDayLight
OpenFlow
VxLAN
The Bigger SDN Picture
€195
E-Learning
max 1
Network Function Virtualization – Architecture and Principles
CONTENTS
This course is designed for students who want to acquire detailed knowledge of the NFV architecture, its development phases and its relation to SDN and Cloud Technology. The different parts (MANO, NFVI and VNFs) are explained as well as their interaction and use cases are examined to bring the whole picture together. Networking in a world of virtual machines is given extra attention, as this is an area that can be difficult for newcomers in the world of virtualization.
PREREQUISITES
General telecom knowledge is optional while computer science (how computers work, on a fundamental level) and familiarity with TCP/IP networking is very beneficial for the understanding of the contents of this course.
Virtualization
Cloud Technology
Hypervisors
Linux Containers
COTS hardware
Virtual Machines
vCPU and vNICs
Network Functions Virtualization and Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
The function and benefits of NFV
The function and benefits of NFV
How NFV and SDN fit together
How SDN and NFV are controlled
Distributed VNFs
Functions of MANO (NFV Management and Orchestration)
NFVI (NFV Infrastructure)
NFV Building Blocks
VNFs
VNF Components (VNFC)
Virtual Machines
The relation between VNF, VNFC and VM
NFV Flexibility
What scaling is and why we do it
Horizontal scaling (scale in and out)
Vertical scaling (up and down)
Live migration functionality and reasons to do it
NFV Reference Architecture
The whole ETSI NFV Reference Picture
NFVI, VNFs
Element Managers (EM)
The inside of the MANO (NFVO, VNFM and VIM)
Interaction with OSS/BSS
Reference points / interfaces
Example: VNF Instantiation Procedure
NFVI Domains
The Hypervisor Domain
The Compute Domain
The Infrastructure Network Domain
NFVI-PoPs (NFVI Point-of-Presence)
What “Virtual Compute” really is, according to ETSI
What “Virtual Storage” really is, according to ETSI
What “Virtual Networks” really is, according to ETSI
Networking for Virtual Machines
Concrete Networking Examples
Both Physical and Logical representations of all examples
With Protocol Stacks for all examples
Examples include elements such as:
Virtual switches and NICs (vSwitch and vNIC)
Physical switches and NICs
Embedded switch (eSwitch)
DHCP
NAT
VLAN
VxLAN
All examples are routed together to show-case all possible combinations
Networking in Live Migration
Different Live Migration Examples
Examples without SDN (intra-LAN and inter-LAN)
Example with OpenFlow-based SDN
Example with VxLAN-based SDN
VxLAN is explained with detailed protocol stacks
NFV Networking Terminology
The different networking terms used by the ETSI documents
The data model for an NFV Network Service, from top to bottom
Example terms that are shown in relation to each other:
NS (Network Service)
VNF / PNF (Physical Network Function)
VNFC
VL (Virtual Link)
VNFFG (VNF Forwarding Graph)
NFP (Network Forwarding Path)
CP (Connection Point)
Network Types
E-LINE
E-LAN
E-TREE
Management and Orchestration
A detailed look inside the NFV MANO
NFVO (NFV Orchestrator)
VNFM (VNF Manager)
VIM (Virtualized Infrastructure Manager)
Interaction between the internal functions
MANO Catalogs and Databases
NFV Use Cases
A walk-through of the nine NFV use cases chosen by ETSI
NFVIaaS, VNFaaS and VNPaaS
VNF Forwarding Graph
Virtual Mobile Core & IMS
Virtual Mobile Base Station
Virtual Home Environment
Virtual CDNs
Fixed Access NFV
€495
E-Learning
max 1
NFV MANO
CONTENTS
This course uses as a starting point the main ETSI NFV architecture with its building blocks, and then focuses its attention on the Management and Orchestration (MANO) functions. While still keeping the big picture and real-world use cases in view, it describes the three main sub-components of MANO (NFVO, VNFM and VIM) and explains how they are used to construct a Network Service (NS) comprising virtualized as well as physical network functions (VNFs and PNFs) connected with virtual network links (VLs).
PREREQUISITES
Working knowledge of computer and telecommunications systems as well as understanding of the ETSI NFV architecture corresponding to the course “NFV Architecture and Principles”.
ETSI NFV
NFV Architecture
ETSI Reference Points
Network Services
PNFs and VNFs
Virtual Links and Connection Points
Cloud Native vs Hypervisor Virtualization
MANO Functions and RESTful APIs
NFV Orchestrator (NFVO)
VNF Manager (VNFM)
Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (VIM)
NFVO/VNFM/VIM
Responsibilities
Stored Data
Reference Points vs Interfaces
Main Functionality of Interfaces
RESTful API Approach
HTTP Request Line Construction
HTTP Commands
The NFV Network Service
NS Data Model
Descriptor vs Instance (Info) Data Models
Service Access Points (SAP) Data
VNF and PNF Data
Profiles for VNF/PNF/NS
Virtual Links and Link Ports
VNF Forwarding Graphs
Example: Voice over 5G
Network Service Instantiation
The Role of Descriptors
The Role of Deployment Flavors (DF)
The Role of Instantiation Levels
How Profiles are Constructed
Run-Time NS Instance Data
NS Instantiation Flow
VNF Instantiation Flow
On-Boarding Network Services and Functions
VNF Packages
VNFD/NSD/PNFD Files
TOSCA, YAML and CSAR
VNF Onboarding Flow
NS Onboarding Flow
Scaling
Scaling In/Out
Scaling Up/Down
NS Scaling
VNF Scaling
Who Decides Scaling
Who Performs Scaling
Scaling Methods
Instantiation Levels
Scaling Aspect Steps
Performance and Fault Management (PM & FM)
PM/FM Operations per MANO Interface
What Can Be Measured (PM)
What Can Trigger Alarms (FM)
Subscriptions and Notifications
Corresponding HTTP Requests/Responses
PM Jobs and Thresholds (PM)
Acceleration Technologies
SR-IOV
DPDK
Host and VM Acceleration
Hypervisor vs Container Acceleration
End-to-End MANO
SDN in the NFV Architecture
Network Slicing
Multiple NFVOs and VIMs
WAN Infrastructure Manager (WIM)
Open Source MANO Examples
OSM
ONAP
€495
E-Learning
max 1
NFV MANO in an Hour
CONTENTS
This course uses as a starting point the main ETSI NFV architecture with its building blocks, and then focuses its attention on the Management and Orchestration (MANO) functions. While still keeping the big picture and real-world use cases in view, it describes the three main sub-components of MANO (NFVO, VNFM and VIM) and explains how they are used to construct a Network Service (NS) comprising virtualized as well as physical network functions (VNFs and PNFs) connected with virtual network links (VLs).
This course exists in a longer version, NFV MANO In Half a Day, and a full-length version covering all topics in much more detail.
PREREQUISITES
Working knowledge of computer and telecommunications systems as well as understanding of the ETSI NFV architecture is beneficial.
NOTE: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
ETSI NFV
NFV Architecture
ETSI Reference Points
Network Services
PNFs and VNFs
Virtual Links and Connection Points
MANO Functions
NFV Orchestrator (NFVO)
VNF Manager (VNFM)
Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (VIM)
NFVO/VNFM/VIM
Responsibilities
Stored Data
Reference Points vs Interfaces
The NFV Network Service
Virtual Links and Link Ports
VNF Forwarding Graphs
Example: Voice over 5G
Network Service Instantiation
The Role of Descriptors
The Role of Deployment Flavors (DF)
The Role of Instantiation Levels
NS Instantiation Flow
VNF Instantiation Flow
On-Boarding Network Services and Functions
VNF Packages
VNFD/NSD/PNFD Files
TOSCA, YAML and CSAR
VNF Onboarding Flow
NS Onboarding Flow
Scaling
NS Scaling
VNF Scaling
Who Decides Scaling
Who Performs Scaling
MANO Extended Edition
Multiple NFVOs and VIMs
WAN Infrastructure Manager (WIM)
€95
E-Learning
max 1