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5G Core Network Signalling
CONTENTS
This course presents the signaling communication within 5G Core Network as specified in the 3GPP standards.
In order to provide the general context, the course briefly introduces the network organization, the roles of all the major 5G Network Functions (NFs), the basic 5G use cases (eMBB, mMTC and URLLC), the UE identities, and so on.
The course focuses on protocols and signaling procedures within the 5G Core Network, between the UE and the Core Network and also between the 5G Radio Access Network and the 5G Core Network. The course describes the procedures used in the Standalone 5G Network deployments. The selected signaling procedures are presented on a message parameters level of details with some examples using traces from the 5G network.
PREREQUISITES
The overall knowledge of the 5G System is required to fully benefit from this course. We strongly recommend Apis' 5G System Overview and/or 5G Core Network Architecture courses to provide an overall introduction.
Architecture and Protocols
An overview of the 5G standalone network architecture.
Introduction to functionalities of various Network Functions.
5G Core Network UE identities.
Registration types and introduction to Registration Areas.
UE connectivity states to Radio Access Network and Core Network
PDU Session attributes and possible connection options.
General principles of communication in the Service Based Architecture.
Basic concepts of Network Slicing.
Overview of the functions of various protocols used inside 5G Core Network, between UE and 5GC, and between 5G RAN and 5GC: HTTP with JSON, PFCP, PRINS, GTP-U, NAS (5GMM and 5GSM), RRC, NGAP.
NAS and NGAP
Functions of 5G Mobility Management protocol between UE and AMF.
Functions of 5G Session Management protocol between UE and SMF.
Functions of NG Application Protocol: Non-UE-associated services and UE-associated services.
Security improvements over the 4G Evolved Packet System: VPLMN authorization, handling of Subscription Concealed Identifier (SUCI), horizontal and vertical key derivation in NG-RAN, slice-specific authorization and authentication, secondary authentication.
UE states in RAN and Core Network: idle, connected, inactive.
Overview of RAN-based paging and mobility procedures.
Signaling flows for UE Registration, PDU Session Establishment, UE configuration update, and others between UE and 5GC.
Service Based Architecture
SBA communication principles: NF Consumers and NF Producers, services, service operations, and procedures.
SBA communication models: with/without NRF and/or SCP.
Principles of REpresentational State Transfer (REST) architecture model.
HTTP/2 improvements over HTTP/1.1.
HTTP/2 message format, methods, headers and responses used in 5G Core Network.
Handling of policy related information between AF, PCF, SMF, AMF, gNB and UE.
Examples of Network Function service definitions using OpenAPI.
Selected details of Common API Framework (CAPIF): CAPIF Core Function, API Exposing Function, API Invokers.
Basic principles and service APIs for Service Enabler Architecture Layer (SEAL).
Signaling flows for UE Registration, PDU Session Establishment, NF Registration, NF Discovery and service authorization using OAuth 2.0.
PFCP and GTP-U
Functions of PFCP protocol between SMF and UPF on N4 interface.
Functions and extensions of GTPv1-U protocol between UPFs, and NG-RAN and UPF.
Functions of PDU Session User Plane protocol.
Handling of PDU Sessions in SSC modes 1, 2, and 3.
PDU Sessions with Multiple PDU Session Anchors.
Procedures
Overview of various signaling procedures defined for the 5G System: various registration scenarios, PDU session options, overview of mobility procedures, etc.
Signaling flows for UE Registration in new AMF, AMF relocation, Multi-access PDU Session handling, SSC modes, addition/removal of PDU session anchors, inter-gNB handover, handovers between Access Types, etc.
SMS over 5G NAS: registration and message transfer.
Data without User Plane resources usage: CIoT optimization and NIDD.
Throughout the course
Details of selected messages from captured trace files for various procedures.
€495
E-Learning
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5G in a Day
CONTENTS
This course provides an overview of the fifth-generation mobile technology, or 5G. It focuses on establishing important technical concepts and terms, as well as putting 5G into context by relating it to other current technological trends today.
The central 5G standard discussed comes from 3GPP, but contributions from other relevant organizations are also described.
This condensed 5G course is the perfect way to kick-start your path on the 5G journey, regardless of your end goal. Perhaps you are aiming for an expert level of knowledge, and this is your first steppingstone, or you just want to keep up with the buzz and learn what is going on at the current forefront of the mobile evolution.
It has been designed to be covered by students within one normal working day.
PREREQUISITES
General technical knowledge of computing as well as experience from Tele- and/or Data communication is beneficial.
NOTE: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
What is 5G and why?
How 5G is described by the different industry players
What will 5G be used for
How 5G is defined from a technical point-of-view
What is really new this time?
5G Network Architecture
Non-Stand-Alone NR – the first step into 5G
5GC – The 5G Core Network
Functionalities and services in 5GC
Main functions eg SMF, AMF, UPF
Registration and PDU Session setup
The Service Based Architecture
Cloud and Virtualization basics
NG-RAN – The Next Generation Radio Access Network
NG-RAN architecture and
Interfaces and protocols
gNB – The new base station
C-RAN – splitting the base station into separate parts
NR - New Radio
How is NR different from previous radio technologies
Frequency usage
Cell sizes
NR Numerologies
Some Important 5G Terms and Concepts
Network Slicing
What is a Network Slice and what is the point?
How does a 5G UE end up in the right Slice?
The three main 5G use cases
eMBB – enhanced Mobile Broadband
mMTC – massive Machine-Type Communication
URLLC – Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication
Edge Computing (MEC)
Edge computing – why and how?
Which 5G services require edge computing
Local Area Data Networks (LADN)
What is a LADN
Possible use cases – Private 5G networks
€380
E-Learning
max 1
5G in an Hour
CONTENTS
This course provides a quick overview of the fifth-generation mobile technology, or 5G. It focuses on establishing important technical concepts and terms, as well as putting 5G into context by relating it to use cases and current technological trends.
This condensed 5G course is the perfect way to kick-start your path on the 5G journey, regardless of your end goal. Perhaps you are aiming for an expert level of knowledge, and this is your first stepping stone, or you just want to keep up with the buzz and learn what is going on at the current forefront of the mobile evolution.
This course also exists in a one-day version as well as a full three-day course. “5G in an Hour” provides enough foundation to be able to navigate the technical terms used to discuss modern 5G networks. It gives you the framework necessary to formulate relevant questions and understand how the major puzzle pieces of 5G fit together.
It has been designed to be fully covered by students within one hour.
PREREQUISITES
General knowledge of tele/data communication is beneficial but not necessary.
NOTE: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
What is 5G and why?
How is 5G different from previous “Generations”
How 5G is described and marketed by the different industry players
The three main 5G use cases – eMBB, mMTC and URLLC
The 3GPP 5G System
Evolution from 4G to 5G – Non-Standalone New Radio
The 5G Core Network
Functionalities and services in 5G Core
Main functions eg SMF, AMF, UPF
Cloud and Virtualization
NG-RAN – The Next Generation Radio Access Network
gNB – The new base station
What makes New Radio “new” and different from previous radio technologies
Some High-Level Technical Concepts of 5G
Network Slicing
Edge Computing
Private 5G
€95
E-Learning
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Network Slicing in 5G
CONTENTS
This course presents the 5G Network Slicing feature, as currently defined in the 3GPP standards. It starts with presenting the reasons to introduce Network Slicing in the modern telecommunication service environment, with the bulk of the course focused on the support of Network Slicing in the 5G System.
Slice-related aspects in the Core Network, Access Network, Transport Network and in the UE are covered, as well as slice-specific aspects of network management (service/customer/MANO). Designed as a technology course, it presents information at the level of procedures and parameters. The 3GPP approach to the operator's business offering enabled by network slicing (Network Slice as a Service, Non-Public Networks) is also presented, with the supporting parameters and procedures' definitions. A number of GSMA guidelines and Network Slicing Association's suggestions are also included.
This course also has as a one-hour overview variant.
PREREQUISITES
Technical knowledge of the 5G network architecture is necessary in order to follow this course. One of the Apis' 5G Core Network Architecture courses (ie the One Day version), or equivalent knowledge, is strongly recommended.
NOTE: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
Introduction of the Network Slicing concept
Services and service requirements in present day telecommunication
Benefits of overlay logical networks on the physical infrastructure
Dedicated Core Networks (DECOR) in the 4G networks
Standardized 5G Use Cases
NFV as an enabler for Network Slicing
Network Slice Instance and Network Slice Subnet Instance
Slice Level Classification
Support for the Network Slicing feature in the 5GC and the UE
Network Slice Identifiers: S-NSSAI, NSSAI, NSI Id
Definitions and usage of various NSSIs (Configured, Allowed, Requested, Pending)
Slice-specific Network Functions (NSSF, NSSAAF, NSACF)
Slice-specific OAM functionalities: NSMF, NSSMF
Slice-specific subscription information in the UDR (Subscription Data, Policy Data)
Slice-specific parameters in the PCF (Policy Information, Request Triggers, URSP)
Network Slice Selection for the UE at UE 5G Registration
Slice-specific procedures and parameters exchanged during a UE 5G Registration
Definitions and usage of slice-specific parameters (NSSRG, NSSP)
Network Slice Selection for a PDU Session
Slice-specific procedures and parameters exchanged at a 5G PDU Session establishment
Slice-related information in the UE Route Selection Policy (URSP)
Support for the Network Slicing feature in the NG-RAN
Virtualization options for the NG-RAN with the RAN Functional Split
Slice-related requirements on the NG-RAN
RAN Slice Isolation technologies
Slice-aware Intra-NR Handover
Support for the Network Slicing feature in the Transport Network
Transport Network Isolation technologies
Security for Network Slices
Types of Authentication and Authorization procedures in 5G (Primary, Secondary, Network Slice Specific, Application level)
Functionality of the NSSAAF
NSSAA procedure during the 5G Registration
Isolation as a security mechanism
Slice Security Levels
Roaming aspects
Handling of non-standard HPLMN and Serving PLMN definitions of slices: S-NSSAI mapping
The respective functionalities of the V-NRF/H-NRF, V-NSSF/H-NSSF, V-NSACF/H-NSACF
Roaming considerations at the 5G UE Registration
Interworking with EPC: Network Slicing and DECOR
Combined 4G/5G Core Network Architecture option
Mapping of the 4G Dedicated Core Network and 5G Network Slice identifiers
The role of the SMF-PGW/C
UE Mobility between a 4G Dedicated Core Network and a 5G Network Slice
OAM of the Network Slices
The overall Network Slice creation process
Network Slice Attributes (GST, NEST), with some slice attribute examples
The 3GPP model for slice management
Slice Management and MANO cooperation
Coordination of management aspects of 3GPP and non-3GPP (AN options, O-RAN, Transport) parts of a PLMN
Slice Level Management options for Network Slice Customer (NSC)
Network Slice as a service offering
Network Slice Customer and Network Slice Provider roles
Non-Public Networks, NPN (Stand-Alone NPN, Public Network Integrated NPN)
Network Slice as a Service (NSaaS)
Communicating the slice requirements from the NSC to the NSP
Getting the NSC's Use Case Description and mapping into GST/NEST: an example
€380
E-Learning
max 1
Network Slicing in an Hour
CONTENTS
This course provides a condensed overview of the 5G Network Slicing feature as defined in the 3GPP standards.
“Network Slicing in an Hour” provides a birds-eye view of the topic. It presents the benefits the feature brings into the operational and business side of the NOP (Network Operators). The course presents the technological aspects of the 5G System (mainly the core network) that enable Network Slicing.
This course also has as a one-day variant.
PREREQUISITES
Technical knowledge of the mobile telecom, especially the 5G, is strongly recommended.
NOTE: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
Network Slicing: Overall Perspective
Modern day application/service requirements
Standardized Slice Service Types
Enterprises (“verticals”) as communication service users
Mobile Network Operator's benefits of deploying Network Slices
Technological Aspects of the Network Slicing Feature
Virtualization as an enabler for Network Slicing
The roles of 5G Core network elements defined for slice support:
Network Slice Selection Function, NSSF
Network Slice Specific Authentication and Authorization Function, NSSAAF
Network Slice Access Control Function, NSACF
Network Slice Management Function, NSMF
Security:
Network Slice Specific Authentication and Authorization
Insulation
Operation and Management
Business Aspects of Network Slicing
Network Slice as a logical network with capabilities that address the service/end users' communication requirements
Product offering based on network slices:
NSaaS
Non-Public Networks
€95
E-Learning
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5G NG-RAN Architecture
CONTENTS
This course provides a thorough overview of the Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) which is part of the 3GPP 5G System. The focus is on Standalone (SA) operation with NG-RAN connected to the 5G Core Network.
The course starts with a brief introduction to the 5G System, but focuses on the nodes/functions, interfaces, protocols and procedures in the NG-RAN. The course also describes dual connectivity as well as various NG-RAN implementations such as C-RAN, O-RAN (from O-RAN Alliance) and IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul).
PREREQUISITES
Knowledge of LTE/4G is required. Basic knowledge of the overall 5G System is recommended. Good 5G background knowledge is provided eg by Apis' 5G System Overview course.
5G System Overview
5G System introduction
E-UTRAN and NG-RAN elements: gNB, eNB, ng-eNB, en-gNB
Non-Standalone (NSA) vs Standalone (SA) deployment options
PDU Sessions and QoS flows
C-RAN – Centralized RAN
Reasons for C-RAN
gNB Central Unit and gNB Distributed Unit
gNB-CU Control Plane and User Plane separation
F1-C, F1-U interfaces
F1AP – F1 Application Protocol
E1 interface
E1AP – E1 Application Protocol
O-RAN Architecture
Reasons for O-RAN
Relation to 3GPP specifications
O-RAN Architecture and Interfaces (A1, E2, O1, O2)
Non-RT vs Neal-RT RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC)
Virtualization of NG-RAN functions
Standalone NR with 5GC
Architecture for SA NO
Basic procedures: Registration and PDU Session Establishment
NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NR-DC)
Handling of control plane and user plane connections
NG-RAN Protocol Overview
Overview of NG-RAN interfaces and protocols
N2/N3/NG interfaces and NGAP/GTP-U protocol functions
Xn interface and XnAP protocol functions
RRC, SDAP, PDCP, RLC and MAC
NR Uu Channel Architecture
Overview of the radio interface protocol stack
Layer 2 protocols: SDAP, PDCP, RLC, MAC
RLC Channels, Logical Channels, Transport Channels and Physical Channels
RRC and RRC States
RRC Overview
RRC States
Behavior of Network and UE in IDLE, CONNECTED and INACTIVE states
RAN Notification Areas
Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB)
Reasons for IAB
IAB Architecture: IAB donor and IAB node
Bandwidth Adaptation Protocol (BAP)
Support for 5G Use Cases
How and in what way does NG-RAN support the main 5G uses cases: eMBB, mMTC and URLLC
€495
E-Learning
max 1
5G NG-RAN in an Hour
CONTENTS
This course provides a one-hour introduction to the Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) which is part of the 3GPP 5G System.
The course outlines why and how the NG-RAN is different from previous generations' radio access networks. It describes various implementation options eg C-RAN and Open RAN and outlines key NG-RAN concepts like Dual Connectivity and Network Slicing.
PREREQUISITES
Basic system-level knowledge of LTE/4G and 5G recommended but not required. Also non-technical people can take the course in order to get an introduction to NG-RAN.
Note: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
Introduction to NG-RAN
Non-Standalone vs Standalone NO
Why New Radio and NG-RAN?
QoS Handling in NG-RAN
NG-RAN Architecture
C-RAN and Open RAN
Radio Network Protocols
Dual Connectivity
Network Slicing
IAB - Integrated Access and Backhaul
€95
E-Learning
max 1
5G NG-RAN in Half a Day
CONTENTS
This course provides a quick overview of the Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) which is part of the 3GPP 5G System.
The course explains why and how the NG-RAN is different from previous generations' radio access networks. It describes the role and functionality of the gNB and various implementation options eg C-RAN and Open RAN. Some important NG-RAN concepts like Dual Connectivity and Network Slicing are also briefly explained.
PREREQUISITES
Basic system-level knowledge of LTE/4G and 5G recommended but not required. Also non-technical people can take the course in order to get an orientation about NG-RAN.
Note: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
Introduction to NG-RAN
Non-Standalone vs Standalone NO
Why New Radio and NG-RAN?
QoS Handling in 5G
NG-RAN Architecture
C-RAN and Open RAN
Virtualization basics
Radio Network Protocols
RRC States
IAB – Integrated Access and Backhaul
Some Important NG-RAN Terms and Concepts
Dual Connectivity
Network Slicing
€195
E-Learning
max 1
5G NG-RAN Signalling
CONTENTS
The course provides a technical description of layer 3 protocols and signaling procedures defined for the 5G radio access ('New Radio, NR') and radio access network ('NG-RAN') as defined by 3GPP standards. A chapter on NR layer 2 protocols is also included to complete the picture.
The course uses a top-down approach starting with a high level description of the functionality of different network entities and the interaction needed between on different interfaces. The layer 3 protocols are then discussed one by one in detail in a logical scenario-based sequence. A number of detailed message-by-message signaling sequences will be presented during the course to tie everything together.
Protocols and signaling procedures related to the 5GC-internal Service Based Architecture are mentioned but not covered in any detail.
PREREQUISITES
Basic knowledge of 5G network architecture and functions is highly recommended but not compulsory. Reasonably good technical knowledge of protocols and signaling within LTE/EPC is beneficial.
NOTE: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
5G System Overview
5G System (5GS) network nodes and interfaces
CP and UP protocol stacks
5G Releases (3gpp)
Non-Access Stratum Protocols (NAS)
5GS NAS protocols
NAS states and state transitions
5G Mobility Management (5GMM) procedures
5GS security architecture
5G Session Management (5GSM) procedures
5GS QoS framework
Radio Resource Control Protocol (RRC)
RRC procedure summary
System Information
RRC states and state transitions
RRC Connection Establishment
UE capability handling
Configuration of SRBs and DRBs
NR Layer 2 Protocols
NR protocol stack and channel architecture
Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP)
Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)
Radio Link Control Protocol (RLC)
Medium Access Control Protocol (MAC)
NG-RAN Protocols
Protocol stacks for NG/Xn/F1/E1 interfaces
NG Application Protocol (NGAP) procedures
Xn Application Protocol (XnAP) procedures
F1 Application Protocol (F1AP) procedures
E1 Application Protocol (E1AP) procedures
LTE/NR Interworking
Interworking architecture
LTE-NR Idle mode mobility
Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)
Non Stand Alone NR (EN-DC)
Signaling Flows
A number of important message-by-message signaling flows will be presented during the course. Some examples are 5GS Registration, PDU Session Establishment, Service Request, RNA Update, Handover and EN-DC Setup.
€495
E-Learning
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5G NR Physical Layer
CONTENTS
The course provides a technical description of the 5G New Radio (NR) radio interface.
The course describes the physical layer design of NR in terms of OFDM numerologies, radio frames, subframes and slot configurations. The course explains the purpose of, and processing of, physical channels with particular focus on control channels. Reference signals for data demodulation, CSI measurements, and sounding are explained. Layer 1 procedures for synchronization, random access, scheduling, HARQ, measurements and beam management are described.
An overview of the NR RRC and MAC protocols is included in chapter 1 for completeness, with particular focus on the role of the RRC and MAC protocols in relation to layer 1.
PREREQUISITES
Reasonably good technical knowledge of the LTE physical layer and the LTE radio protocols is highly recommended but not compulsory.
Note: This course is not delivered with the FoldOut methodology.
NR Overview
Summary of radio techniques used in NR
NR Channel Architecture
Radio Resource Control protocol (for L1 operation)
Medium Access Control protocol (for L1 operation)
Overview of physical channels and signals
NR Physical Layer Design
Spectrum allocation for 5G
Bandwidth adaptation and Bandwidth Parts (BWP)
OFDM numerologies for NR
NR radio frame and subframe structure
Slots and slot formats
Self-contained slots for TDD operation
Synchronization and Initial Access
SS/PBCH Blocks (mapping, transmission)
Beamforming and beam sweeping
PBCH processing and the MIB
Common Control Resource Set 0 (CORESET #0)
System Information Block 1
PRACH and the random access procedure
Initial beam selection
Control Channels
UE-specific CORESETs
DCI formats for scheduling and other purposes
Coding and mapping of PDCCH
PUCCH coding and resource selection
DM-RS mapping for PDCCH and PUCCH
Data Channels
Layer 1 processing for DL-SCH and UL-SCH
DM-RS mapping for PDSCH and PUSCH
Scheduling and HARQ timing
Time and frequency domain resource allocation
Beam adjustment
Beam failure detection and recovery
Measurements and Feedback
ACK/NACK signaling on PUCCH
CSI reporting and CSI-RS configuration
SRS configuration and SRS triggering
Other reference signals
NR/LTE Interworking
EN-DC (DC between LTE and NR)
Spectrum sharing between LTE and NR
€495
E-Learning
max 1